Commercial litigation (commercial case)

Commercial cases in Türkiye comprise disputes designated by statute as absolutely commercial and civil claims that relate to the commercial enterprises of both parties. Cases arising from negotiable instruments, commercial companies and intellectual property legislation are commercial regardless of the parties' status.

The main consequence of this classification is jurisdiction: commercial cases are heard by specialised commercial courts of first instance. Interest rules and certain evidentiary requirements also differ from the general regime, and specific notices between merchants must be given in written form.

For monetary commercial claims, applying to a mediator before filing suit is a mandatory procedural condition. A claim filed without this step is dismissed on procedural grounds without examination of the merits.