Union-related compensation (sendikal tazminat)

Union-related compensation is owed where an employee is discriminated against or dismissed for joining a union, resigning from one or participating in union activities. It sanctions violations of freedom of association and may not be less than a statutory multiple of the employee's wages.

Typical violations include requiring non-membership at hiring, demoting or underpaying unionised workers, and waves of dismissals following collective sign-ups. Where dismissal rests on union grounds, the employee may claim this compensation directly without filing a reinstatement action; if union grounds are established in a reinstatement case, the compensation is awarded regardless of whether the employee is reinstated.

In proving union-related motive, the temporal link between membership dates and dismissals, collective layoffs at the workplace and correspondence about the unionisation process are the decisive evidence.